Before talking about entropy, easily the most confusing aspect of engineering thermodynamics, it’s important to get clear what the Clausius inequality is. Here, again, I insist that heat transfers into a system will be taken as positive and those in which heat leaves a system are negative in value (these I label eg dQ(-) ).
Patrick Andrews has a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Heriot-Watt University and an MSc in Neuroscience from the University of Cambridge.
A former Chartered Engineer and Chartered Mathematician, Patrick has worked in management consultancies and high-tech startups, and in academia as a postdoc in Applied Mathematics at Cambridge and a maths lecturer at De Montfort University.
Patrick is the father of three delightful (but not uniformly mathematical!) daughters.